% gehyphw.gr % Greek hyphenation and lccode, uccode assignment. Y. Moschovakis % 9/9/1990, named gehyphen.gr % Corrected 11/7/90 % Adjusted version, August 1993 % Adjusted to the clr coding, July 1994 % Adjusted to the wclr coding and renamed, September 2001 % ========================================================= % This file takes a practical approach to the hyphenation problem % which will yield enough correct hyphenations to deal with most % manuscripts and should not introduce errors. The basic idea is % the following. % % Conversion to lowercase is ambiguous in Greek because of the accents % which cannot be reproduced, so that (it is hoped) no useful macros % will use it. We assign the same lccode (1) to all vowels. % This simplifies (and shortens) greatly the statement of the basic % vowel\-consonsnt|vowel greek hyphenation rule. % % The hyphenation (syllabisation) rules for Greek are quite standard. % For the monotoniko system, they are listed as follows in the dictionary % Ôï ÌåãÜëï Ëåîéêü ôçò ÍåïåëëçíéêÞò ãëþóóáò, ôïõ Á. ÃåùñãïðáðáäÜêïõ. % % (a) v1\-cv2 is always allowed % (b) v1\c1c2v2 is allowed when there is a Greek word % beginning with c1c2. There are exactly 51 such combinations c1c2 % in this dictionary, some of them involving only foreign or % unusual words. % (c) v1\-c1c2c3v2 is allowed when there is a Greek word % beginning with c1c2 or c1c2c3 % (d) The combinations ìð, íô, ãê do not split % (e) Compound words obey the same rules % (f) Diphthongs and other two-vowel combinations which are pronounced % as one do not split. These include áé, åé, ïé, õé, ïõ, áõ, åõ, % etc. % % I am interpreting this to mean that in the other cases splitting is % allowed, e.g. in the canonical ì\-ì, ë\-ë etc. % % To bring the number of cases down to a reasonable few I have combined % (a), (b) and (c) into the rules "v15cv2", "v13c1c2" and "4c1c2." % when some word begins with c1c2, together with some of the most common % cases of "v1c13c2v2" when no word begins with c1c2. I have also added % ".á4" to inhibit splitting after just one % letter, something which is done in Greek but is not very pretty, as % well as "c4." to inhibit splitting with just one letter to go, a rule % which is implicit above. % % These rules still allow some desirable v1\-c1c2c3 % combinations as in óöõ\-ñß\-÷ôñá, and will not introduce % errors unless there are words which end in three consonants. There may % be some (presumably) foreign words like this, but I could not think % of any. The rules may do funny things with foreign words, although % ðÜñêéíãê e.g., comes out as ðáñ\-êéíãê. I believe (for reasons which % have nothing to do with mechanical hyphenation) that such words should % be spelled in the Latin alphabet. % % The most glaring incompleteness of these rules is that they do not % allow for any vowel-vowel splits which are quite common in Greek, % e.g. çëéêé\-ùìÝíïò. The system does not seem to need these, however, % and I have been trying it without them. % % The choice of 5's and 3's is quite arbitrary and should be reviewed % after some practice. % ============================================================ % lc vowels have lccode 1 \lccode`á=1 \lccode`Ü=1 \lccode`^^a1=1 % .á \lccode`^^a5=1 % á` \lccode`^^a6=1 % á= \lccode`^^a7=1 % >á \lccode`^^a8=1 % <á \lccode`^^a9=1 % >á' \lccode`^^aa=1 % <á' \lccode`å=1 \lccode`Ý=1 \lccode`^^ab=1 % å` \lccode`^^80=1 % >å \lccode`^^81=1 % <å \lccode`^^82=1 % >å' \lccode`^^83=1 % <å' \lccode`ç=1 \lccode`Þ=1 \lccode`^^bb=1 % .ç \lccode`^^84=1 % ç` \lccode`^^85=1 % ç= \lccode`^^86=1 % >ç \lccode`^^87=1 % <ç \lccode`^^88=1 % >ç' \lccode`^^a0=1 % <ç' \lccode`é=1 \lccode`ß=1 \lccode`ú=1 \lccode`^^c0=1 % é with diairesis and oxeia \lccode`^^89=1 % é` \lccode`^^8a=1 % é= \lccode`^^8b=1 % >é \lccode`^^8c=1 % <é \lccode`^^8d=1 % >é' \lccode`^^8e=1 % <é' \lccode`^^b6=1 % >=é \lccode`^^bd=1 % <=é \lccode`ï=1 \lccode`ü=1 \lccode`^^8f=1 % ï` \lccode`^^90=1 % >ï \lccode`^^91=1 % <ï \lccode`^^92=1 % >ï' \lccode`^^93=1 % <ï' \lccode`õ=1 \lccode`û=1 \lccode`ý=1 \lccode`^^e0=1 % õ with diaer and oxeia \lccode`^^94=1 % õ` \lccode`^^95=1 % õ= \lccode`^^96=1 % >õ \lccode`^^97=1 % <õ \lccode`^^98=1 % >õ' \lccode`^^99=1 % <õ' \lccode`ù=1 \lccode`þ=1 \lccode`^^ff=1 % .ù \lccode`^^9a=1 % ù` \lccode`^^9b=1 % ù= \lccode`^^9c=1 % >ù \lccode`^^9d=1 % <ù \lccode`^^9e=1 % >ù' \lccode`^^9f=1 % <ù' % Consonants and capitals % Capital vowels get 1 to ensure hyphenation of all-capital text \lccode`â=`â \lccode`ã=`ã \lccode`ä=`ä \lccode`æ=`æ \lccode`è=`è \lccode`ê=`ê \lccode`ë=`ë \lccode`ì=`ì \lccode`í=`í \lccode`î=`î \lccode`ð=`ð \lccode`ñ=`ñ \lccode`ó=`ó \lccode`ò=`ò \lccode`ô=`ô \lccode`ö=`ö \lccode`÷=`÷ \lccode`ø=`ø \lccode`Á=1 \lccode`^^a2=1 % 'Á \lccode`Â=`â \lccode`Ã=`ã \lccode`Ä=`ä \lccode`Å=1 \lccode`^^b8=1 % 'E \lccode`Æ=`æ \lccode`Ç=1 \lccode`^^b9=1 % 'Ç \lccode`È=`è \lccode`É=1 \lccode`^^ba=1 % 'É \lccode`^^da=1 % "É \lccode`Ê=`ê \lccode`Ë=`ë \lccode`Ì=`ì \lccode`Í=`í \lccode`Î=`î \lccode`Ï=1 \lccode`^^bc=1 % 'Ï \lccode`Ð=`ð \lccode`Ñ=`ñ \lccode`Ó=`ó \lccode`Ô=`ô \lccode`Õ=`õ \lccode`^^be=1 % 'Õ \lccode`^^db=1 % "Õ \lccode`Ö=`ö \lccode`×=`÷ \lccode`Ø=`ø \lccode`Ù=1 \lccode`^^bf=1 % 'Ù % ================================================================= \patterns{% á5âå % Rule (1) v1\-cv2 á5ãå á5äå á5æå á5èå á5êå á5ëå á5ìå á5íå á5îå á5ðå á5ñå á5óå á5ôå á5öå á5÷å á5øå % End or rule (1) á5âã % Rule (2) v1\-c1c2v2 is split only when some Greek words á5âä % begins with c1c2 á5âë á5âñ á5ãä á5ãê á5ãë á5ãí á5ãñ á5äñ á5æâ á5èë á5èí á5èñ % á5êâ % Foreign words only á5êë á5êí á5êñ á5êô á5ìí á5ìð á5íô á5ðë á5ðí á5ðñ á5ðô á5óâ á5óã á5óè á5óê % á5óë % Foreign words only á5óì % á5óí % Foreign words only á5óð á5óô á5óö á5ó÷ á5ôæ á5ôì á5ôñ á5ôó á5öè % á5öê % Few words only, like öêéÜíù á5öë á5öñ á5öô á5÷è á5÷ë á5÷í á5÷ñ á5÷ô % End of exceptional rule (2) ã5ã % Some common cases of c1-c2 where no word begins by c1c2 ã5ì % This is the list which can be improved with time è5ì ê5ä ë5ë ì5â ì5ì ì5ö % 12/92 óýì-öùíá í5ä % 11/91 ïðïéïí\-äÞðïôå í5è í5í ñ5â ñ5è ñ5ê % 12/92 áñ-êåôÜ ñ5ì ñ5ñ ñ5í ñ5î % 6/90 õðáñ-îéóôÞò ñ5ô % 1/93 óõíÜñ-ôçóç ñ5ö % 1/93 åðéìïñ-öéóìüò ñ5÷ ó5ä % 11/90 ïðùó-äÞðïôå ó5ó ô5ô í6ô % The three explicit "modern" prohibitions ì6ð ã6ê } % ============================================================== % uccodes forget the accents and iota subscripts % they preserve the diaeresis % this cannot handle ligatures % including the initial, accented cap ligatures % but it makes \uppercase work when accented, initial capitals % are entered in hexagesimal notation % 'Á=^^a2, 'Å=^^b8, 'Ç=^^b9, 'É=^^ba, 'Ï=^^bc, 'Õ=^^be, 'Ù=^^bf % or using the appropriate extended keyboard program \uccode`á=`Á \uccode`Ü=`Á \uccode`^^a1=`Á % á| \uccode`^^a5=`Á % á` \uccode`^^a6=`Á % á= \uccode`^^a7=`Á % >á \uccode`^^a8=`Á % <á \uccode`^^a9=`Á % >á' \uccode`^^aa=`Á % <á' \uccode`â=` \uccode`ã=`à \uccode`ä=`Ä \uccode`å=`Å \uccode`Ý=`Å \uccode`^^ab=`Å % å` \uccode`^^80=`Å % >å \uccode`^^81=`Å % <å \uccode`^^82=`Å % >å' \uccode`^^83=`Å % <å' \uccode`æ=`Æ \uccode`ç=`Ç \uccode`Þ=`Ç \uccode`^^bb=`Ç % ± \uccode`^^84=`Ç % ç` \uccode`^^85=`Ç % ç= \uccode`^^86=`Ç % >ç \uccode`^^87=`Ç % <ç \uccode`^^88=`Ç % >ç' \uccode`^^a0=`Ç % <ç' \uccode`è=`È \uccode`é=`É \uccode`ß=`É \uccode`ú=`^^da \uccode`^^c0=`^^da % "'é \uccode`^^89=`É % é` \uccode`^^8a=`É % é= \uccode`^^8b=`É % >é \uccode`^^8c=`É % <é \uccode`^^8d=`É % >é' \uccode`^^8e=`É % <é' \uccode`ê=`Ê \uccode`ë=`Ë \uccode`ì=`Ì \uccode`í=`Í \uccode`î=`Î \uccode`ï=`Ï \uccode`ü=`Ï \uccode`^^8f=`Ï % ï` \uccode`^^90=`Ï % >ï \uccode`^^91=`Ï % <ï \uccode`^^92=`Ï % >ï' \uccode`^^93=`Ï % <ï' \uccode`ð=`Ð \uccode`ñ=`Ñ \uccode`ó=`Ó \uccode`ò=`Ó \uccode`ô=`Ô \uccode`õ=`Õ \uccode`ý=`Õ \uccode`û=`^^db \uccode`^^e0=`^^db % "'õ \uccode`^^94=`Õ % õ` \uccode`^^95=`Õ % õ= \uccode`^^96=`Õ % >õ \uccode`^^97=`Õ % <õ \uccode`^^98=`Õ % >õ' \uccode`^^99=`Õ % <õ' \uccode`ö=`Ö \uccode`÷=`× \uccode`ø=`Ø \uccode`ù=`Ù \uccode`þ=`Ù \uccode`^^ff=`Ù % .ù \uccode`^^9a=`Ù % ù` \uccode`^^9b=`Ù % ù= \uccode`^^9c=`Ù % >ù \uccode`^^9d=`Ù % <ù \uccode`^^9e=`Ù % >ù' \uccode`Á=`Á \uccode`^^a2=`^^a2 % 'A \uccode`Â=` \uccode`Ã=`à \uccode`Ä=`Ä \uccode`Å=`Å \uccode`^^b8=`^^b8 % 'E \uccode`Æ=`Æ \uccode`Ç=`Ç \uccode`^^b9=`^^b9 % 'H \uccode`È=`È \uccode`É=`É \uccode`^^ba=`^^ba % 'I \uccode`^^da=`^^da % "I \uccode`Ê=`Ê \uccode`Ë=`Ë \uccode`Ì=`Ì \uccode`Í=`Í \uccode`Î=`Î \uccode`Ï=`Ï \uccode`^^bc=`^^bc % 'O \uccode`Ð=`Ð \uccode`Ñ=`Ñ \uccode`Ó=`Ó \uccode`Ô=`Ô \uccode`Õ=`Õ \uccode`^^be=`^^be % 'Y \uccode`^^db=`^^db % "Y \uccode`Ö=`Ö \uccode`×=`× \uccode`Ø=`Ø \uccode`Ù=`Ù \uccode `^^bf=`^^bf % 'Ù % =============================================================